Arctic shipping is controversial due to the trade-off between its positive economic impact and its negative environmental effects. As both effects are affected by the uncertainty related to sailing conditions encountered along the route, we develop a model that estimates how ice conditions change the probability of blockage along the route and play on the economic and environmental attractiveness of the Northern Sea Route. The model is applied to a business case that compares the performance of two ice-class oil tankers (1A and 1AS) that use Marine Gas or Low Sulfur Fuel, and considers historical data on daily ice thickness records (2006–2016) for the probability of blockage. Our main finding is that the probability of blockage affects the choice of the optimal vessel to deploy along the Arctic Route as well as the effectiveness of various environmental policy options.
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Ethical Ramifications of the Dark Side of Business Practices in the International Business Area
The paper explores the ethical challenges linked to negative business practices in international business (IB). The main findings and conclusions can be summarized as follows: Main Findings I- Four Key Themes: the paper identifies four critical areas of concern regarding dark-side practices in IB: II- Dark-Side Practices: the paper discusses examples of unethical business practices […]
How to define a terroir ?
In the face of climate change, which is forcing us to rethink our food and therefore our agricultural production, we need to revisit the link that can exist between the quality of an agricultural product and the soil from which it comes. As a result, we need to re-examine the contours of a well-known concept […]
How economists cooperate on defence issues ?
In today’s geopolitical landscape, various countries have decided to restrict some of their trade in order to develop their autonomy and sovereignty, while at the same time increasing their spending on defence technology. Such a context may favour the development of research activities centred on defence issues and may encourage certain types of scientific cooperation. […]